String#<<

VALUE
rb_str_concat(VALUE str1, VALUE str2)
{
    unsigned int code;
    rb_encoding *enc = STR_ENC_GET(str1);
    int encidx;

    if (RB_INTEGER_TYPE_P(str2)) {
        if (rb_num_to_uint(str2, &code) == 0) {
        }
        else if (FIXNUM_P(str2)) {
            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%ld out of char range", FIX2LONG(str2));
        }
        else {
            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "bignum out of char range");
        }
    }
    else {
        return rb_str_append(str1, str2);
    }

    encidx = rb_enc_to_index(enc);
    if (encidx == ENCINDEX_ASCII || encidx == ENCINDEX_US_ASCII) {
        /* US-ASCII automatically extended to ASCII-8BIT */
        char buf[1];
        buf[0] = (char)code;
        if (code > 0xFF) {
            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%u out of char range", code);
        }
        rb_str_cat(str1, buf, 1);
        if (encidx == ENCINDEX_US_ASCII && code > 127) {
            rb_enc_associate_index(str1, ENCINDEX_ASCII);
            ENC_CODERANGE_SET(str1, ENC_CODERANGE_VALID);
        }
    }
    else {
        long pos = RSTRING_LEN(str1);
        int cr = ENC_CODERANGE(str1);
        int len;
        char *buf;

        switch (len = rb_enc_codelen(code, enc)) {
          case ONIGERR_INVALID_CODE_POINT_VALUE:
            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "invalid codepoint 0x%X in %s", code, rb_enc_name(enc));
            break;
          case ONIGERR_TOO_BIG_WIDE_CHAR_VALUE:
          case 0:
            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "%u out of char range", code);
            break;
        }
        buf = ALLOCA_N(char, len + 1);
        rb_enc_mbcput(code, buf, enc);
        if (rb_enc_precise_mbclen(buf, buf + len + 1, enc) != len) {
            rb_raise(rb_eRangeError, "invalid codepoint 0x%X in %s", code, rb_enc_name(enc));
        }
        rb_str_resize(str1, pos+len);
        memcpy(RSTRING_PTR(str1) + pos, buf, len);
        if (cr == ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT && code > 127)
            cr = ENC_CODERANGE_VALID;
        ENC_CODERANGE_SET(str1, cr);
    }
    return str1;
}