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End of Life Ruby 3.1 has reached end of life and gets no more fixes. Switch to Ruby 4.0 →

instance method

Integer#**

self ** numeric → numeric_result

Raises self to the power of numeric:

Example
2 ** 3              # => 8
2 ** -3             # => (1/8)
-2 ** 3             # => -8
-2 ** -3            # => (-1/8)
2 ** 3.3            # => 9.849155306759329
2 ** Rational(3, 1) # => (8/1)
2 ** Complex(3, 0)  # => (8+0i)
See also #* #+ #& #- also in 4.1 · 4.0 · 3.4 · 3.3 · 3.2 · 3.0